How can I avoid mortgage foreclosure?

Date: 2010.06.27 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

Mortgage foreclosure can occur if homeowners, who have taken a VA, conventional loan, or an FHA insured loan, default on the mortgage payments. Foreclosure can lead to the lender gaining possession of a borrowers home. If the value of the home is less than the mortgage amount, the homeowner may have to pay the balance amount to the lender under a deficiency judgment. Foreclosures have a negative impact on the credit score of a home owner.

In order to avoid foreclosure, there are several things that a homeowner can do. These include communicating to the lender ones inability in making payments as soon as possible and requesting assistance. If necessary, homeowners should back their communication with relevant financial figures such as expenses and income from various sources. They should not abandon their premises or they may not qualify for the assistance.

There are several housing counseling agencies approved by the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development; they offer up-to-date information on the various programs initiated by government and private organizations that are designed to help homeowners facing the prospects of foreclosure. Housing counseling agencies, which also provide credit counseling services, provide their services at no cost.

In order to avoid forbearance, homeowners can try and apply for Special Forbearance. This may lead to a revision of the repayment schedule and in some cases the payment may either be revised or suspended. A rise in expenditure and a fall in the monthly income may enable homeowners to qualify for a new monthly plan. Similarly, mortgage modification may result in extension of the period of repayment and may open up refinancing options. Homeowners who have undergone a financial crisis stand to benefit from mortgage modification as they can chart out a more manageable repayment plan.

Homeowners can also take recourse to a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. This entails voluntarily handing over the property to the lender. Such a deed does not hurt a homeowners credit rating as much as a foreclosure. A homeowner, who is a defaulter on payments, and does not qualify for other alternatives, has not been able to sell the house, and is not in default with respect to other mortgages, qualifies for a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure.

A homeowners qualification for any of the above mentioned alternatives is determined by the lender. However, homeowners should be aware of solutions that are not genuine. It is highly advisable to take the help of housing counseling agencies in such matters. Homeowners in financial difficulties are liable to fall prey to scams such as equity skimming in which a homeowner is tricked into signing the deed of the property to another person. There are several counseling agencies that are not genuine and often charge homeowners for services that can be done for free. It is imperative that homeowners check the background of the counseling agency before deciding to go with a particular firm.

How a Reverse Mortgage Can Benefit Homeowners 62 or Older

Date: 2010.06.20 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

How a Reverse Mortgage Can Benefit Homeowners 62 or Older

Reverse mortgages give eligible homeowners the ability to access the money they have stored up as equity in their homes. They are designed to build seniors’ personal and financial independence by providing funds without the requirement of a monthly payment for as long as they live in the home.

Homeowners age 62 or older may benefit greatly by discussing the possibilities and options a reverse mortgage can afford them with a lender or counselor. These types of loans offer a way to borrow against the equity in your home to create a stable, continuous and tax free source of usable income or a substantial source of supplemental income, all without having to change your current living conditions.

The best part of this type of loan is that you arent required to repay any part of the loan as long as you live in your house and don’t breach any of the terms and conditions of the reverse mortgage. However it is important that you are diligent in researching this unique loan product as it may not be right for every situation. This is why we encourage any potential borrower interested in a reverse mortgage to investigate their options first with a HUD certified counselor or lender.

Other great sources of information include family and friends who have experience dealing with reverse mortgages before, nonprofit organizations offering help to seniors, the AARP, American Society on Aging, and authority sites on the internet that provide helpful articles and resources concerning the reverse mortgage industry.

While simple to understand in theory, it is important to know how reverse mortgages work. The reverse mortgage loan product got its name due to the fact that instead of making mortgage payments, the lender actually pays the borrower creating a kind of inverse relationship compared to the traditional mortgage product. The source of funds for the money received is the equity stored in your home. The unique feature of this loan is that unlike conventional mortgages where the loan balance becomes smaller each moth you make a payment, the loan balance of a reverse mortgage grows larger over time.

The principal on the loan increases with each payment received, this includes interest and other charges accrued each month on the total funds advanced to you. You retain ownership of your home in all reverse mortgages, and many do not require repayment for as long as you occupy your home, pay your property taxes and hazard insurance charges, and continue to maintain the property.

When you leave your home permanently your loan balance becomes due. It is also important to note that your legal obligation to repay the loan cannot be more than the market value of your house at the time you leave the property. This means that your lender can never require repayment of the loan from your heirs or from any asset other than the property itself.

Today the 2 major reverse mortgage loan types provided by the Fannie Mae (Federal National Mortgage Association) are the HECM and Home Keeper. These loans assure the borrower that he or she will never owe more than the loan balance or the value of the property, whichever is less, and no assets other than the home must be used to repay the debt.

Also unlike conventional mortgages these loan types have neither a fixed maturity date nor a fixed mortgage amount. Many borrowers familiar with the home equity loan are often times skeptical about reverse mortgages and simply see it as a different type of home equity loan and sometimes even think its a scam.

For this reason it is important to understand the difference between home equity loans and reverse mortgages. With a HELOC (Home Equity Line of Credit) you must make regular monthly payments to the lender in order to repay the loan, in fact, your repayments begin as soon as your loan is made. If you fail to make the monthly payments on a traditional home equity loan, a mortgage lender can foreclose on your home, putting you in a position where you either have to sell your home to repay the loan or lose it to the lender.

Another notable difference is the fact that some home equity loans also require you to re-qualify for the loan each year, and if you fail to re-qualify, the lender may require you to pay the loan in full immediately. In addition, in order to qualify for a traditional home equity loan, you must have sufficient funds and debt-to-income ratio in order to be approved on the loan.

Reverse mortgages however, such as the HECM and the Home Keeper Mortgage, do not require monthly repayments, saving you from the need to qualify through the traditional and often times difficult loan process. In fact, repayment of these loans is not required as long as your property remains your primary residence and you stay current in paying your property taxes and hazard insurance charges. Another stipulation that makes the reverse mortgage so special is the fact that your income does not become a factor in qualifying for these loans, nor are you required to re-qualify each year.

Home Mortgage Loans

Date: 2010.06.13 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

Getting rid of the mortgage early is something that many home owners in the UK aspire to achieve. Being free of the principal financial debt in most people’s lives at the earliest stage possible offers financial security and peace of mind for later on in life. Paying off the mortgage early is no pipe dream though. In 2003, the average age of outright home ownership was 56, by 2004 the average age had fallen dramatically to just 48!

How home owners pay off their mortgages early

The secret to paying your mortgage off early lies in choosing the right type of home loan, and this is where flexible mortgage loans and offset mortgage loans step in.

Flexible mortgage loans, as their name suggests, offer flexible mortgage repayment terms where overpayment of mortgage is allowed by the home owner without incurring a penalty. Some flexible mortgage loans allow overpayment of a limited amount, such as 10% of the mortgage value, while other flexible home mortgage loans cater for unlimited overpayment by the home owner.

The advantage of flexible home mortgage loans is that as well as allowing you to overpay, you can also underpay, so taking a ‘payment holiday’ if finances become a little thin. Underpayment is of course subject to the terms of the mortgage, and will normally only be allowed if it amounts to less than the funds that have been overpaid.

Overpayment via flexible home mortgage loans means that you get to reduce your mortgage capital as well as pay off interest accrued on the capital each month. For each successive month that you make an overpayment the amount of interest paid on the overall mortgage is therefore reduced. An overpayment of just 65 on an 80,000 mortgage with the interest rate at 6.0%, will see mortgage loans paid off 5 years early, amounting to a total saving of some 15,000.

Offset home mortgage loans

Offset home mortgage loans were unveiled to the home owner in 1998, and have gained a great deal of respect from home owners since that time. Offset mortgage loans help to pay off a mortgage early by using what is known as a ’sweeper’ system. Providing that the home owner has their current andor savings account with the mortgage loans provider, their available balance is ’swept’ across to their mortgage account each day to offsetreduce the amount of mortgage capital subjected to interest.

To illustrate the advantages of offset mortgage loans, take a mortgage of 100,000 and a balance of 10,000 in your current account andor savings account. Instead of the interest rate being applied to the 100,000 every day or every month, the interest rate would be applied to your mortgage balance less the balance in your current account savings account. This means that interest would only be applied to 90,000 of your mortgage, effectively making 10% of your mortgage interest-free!

Home Mortgage Loan Mistakes Most Homebuyers Make

Date: 2010.06.06 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

MISTAKE #1: Over shopping your loan

Your credit score is based on the perceived risk associated with extending you credit. Over the years, the credit reporting agencies have determined that a borrower who seeks credit from many different lenders is riskier than others. Therefore, they decrease your credit score each time a lender pulls your credit report.

Each time you call a lender seeking the best possible rate and terms for your home mortgage, he has to pull your credit report. This is factored into your credit score, and a lower score decreases your likelihood of getting the best rate and terms.

While some consumers are ONLY focused on rates, you should seek the guidance of a National Association of Responsible Loan Officers member that is willing to speak with you about your loan options. There are literally hundreds of loan products available and every borrower has a different financial situation and financial goal. We highly recommend having a consultation with your loan officer so they can tailor a program to meet your individual needs instead of focusing exclusively on rates and points. You may likely find a better product than the one you were shopping for.

MISTAKE #2: Trying to hide past financial difficulties

One of the important services a responsible loan officer offers is helping you overcome past financial difficulties that may hinder your ability to have your loan approved. Your loan officer is on your side.

Supply the information that will help your loan officer provide you with the best possible rate and terms and minimize the impact of your past credit history. The fact that you have recovered from past financial problems makes you a better risk than others who havent yet faced challenges. Overcoming past financial difficulty proves that you honor your commitments and dont give up.

MISTAKE #3: Allowing a loan officer to put misleading or untruthful information about your income, expense or cash available for down payments on a loan application in order to get a loan

Providing untruthful information on a loan application is fraud. Mortgage fraud is prosecuted by federal authorities, and they will find out about the fraudulent information. Do not allow yourself to become an accomplice of a loan officers fraudulent loan application.

Even if a loan officer fills in the information for you, if you do not believe the loan application is 100% truthful, you should refuse to sign it until the loan officer corrects the application. While many loan officers try to help borrowers by misstating the facts, the truth is that they are simply getting themselves and their borrowers into a lot of trouble.

MISTAKE #4: Borrowing more than you can repay

All of us understand that we may have to stretch our monthly budgets a bit to afford the homes we want. However, you will put your entire financial health in jeopardy by buying a home you simply cannot afford.

If you buy an expensive home and find you cannot make the monthly payments, you could face a huge loss when you have to sell that home quickly to get out from under your mortgage. Or worse, you could be forced into foreclosure or bankruptcy.

It is much better to be patient, buy a home you can comfortably afford, make payments, build equity and then transition into a larger home after a couple of years. Yes, the larger home will cost more then, but the home you purchased will also have appreciated during that time. Most importantly, you will have built a successful financial foundation that allows you to experience all of your dreams, including that dream home.

MISTAKE #5: Relying on interest rate advertising

Some loan officers use interest rates to get your attention; however, they may actually end up costing you more. Such rates are often derived by using a 30-year mortgage coupled with an accelerated payment plan.

You may decide you like that option, but you cannot directly compare the interest rate on that mortgage to other opportunities. This loan could cost more than other mortgages with seemingly higher interest rates.

It is critical to find a loan officer you can trust to review the options available to you and the best possible rates for your financial situation. Only a responsible loan officer can give you all of your options in an understandable way.

Home Mortgage: What To Consider

Date: 2010.05.30 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

When looking for a home mortgage, there are several aspects that you will want to consider about this loan. First off, this is likely to be the biggest investment that you undertake in your lifetime. It should be done carefully, only after you have found the options that will fulfill your needs in the best way possible. There are several aspects that you should consider here, all of which will have a direct impact on the outcome of your future loan.

Interest Rates

The most costly aspect of your purchase of a loan will be that of the interest rate. This is the cost of the purchase. The interest on a loan is compounded every month and so it really can add up to extraordinary levels. When comparing the home mortgage of one lender to that of the next, you should carefully look at how much interest you will be paying in the long run. Comparing the various options that you have can help you to get the best results possible.

Another option that you have is to go with adjustable rate loans or with fixed. You should compare the outcome of these to find the best solution for your needs. An adjustable rate offers an interest rate that will go up and down depending on what the prime rate will do. This can be beneficial in times where rates are tending down. A fixed rate will remain the same on the entire length of the home mortgage and is ideal in times of low rates.

Terms

The terms of the home mortgage are also quite important. You should carefully look at how long you will have the loan for your home. The longer you have it, the more time for your loan to compound interest. This means that it will cost you additional funds to purchase your house over the long run. Still, the longer the terms are on the loan, the less you will pay in monthly payments too. You should look for the balance in all of these various options.

Types Of Loans

One thing is for sure, there are many various types of loans that you can choose from. The standard is the conventional loan that provides for the most common house purchases. For those that are purchasing for the first time, a FHA may be the ideal way to go because these are federally backed and often have a lower rate of interest on them. There are also VA loans for those that have served in the armed forces. Finding the right home mortgage choice for your needs is ideally the one that offers the lowest total payment or monthly payment for your needs.

Comparing and contrasting all of these options will lead you to the house that you were meant to own. In most cases, individuals can find the best options for loans for a house purchased right on the web. With so many loans out there, it is necessary to take your time and compare. But, doing so can help you to save thousands of pounds on your home mortgage over the course of your loan.

Home Equity Loans The Best 2nd Mortgage for Financing Home

Date: 2010.05.23 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

Home Equity Loans The Best 2nd Mortgage for Financing Home Improvements

Tired of looking at those avocado green kitchen appliances? The wood paneling and shag in your family room? The worn fiberglass tub enclosure in the guest bath? Home improvement is sweeping the country. Approximately half of fixer-uppers are do-it-yourself, while the other half is contractor driven.

So how do you decide when to move or stay around, when a home remodel is a good idea or not?

The American Homeowner Foundation estimates the total cost of moving to be at least 10 percent of your home’s current value. In other words, if you can make things right with your home for less than 10 percent of what you could sell it for, it makes sense to stay put and fix it up.

Theres a couple of ways for you to start the transformation of your home. If you have enough equity built up for the total cost of the project, a traditional home equity loan might work for you. Benefits of home equity loans often include a better interest rate. You might even lower your mortgage payment while increasing the value of your home.

For the do-it-yourselfer working toward several small projects, a home equity line of credit allows flexibility. The lender basically sets up a line of credit based upon the equity in your home. The, issues you checks or a credit card to draw from the account as you need the cash.

Simply make sure refinancing your home makes financial sense says Lori Vella a senior banking executive. “Improving your home is almost always a smart investment, especially in this rate environment. Just make sure you’ll be in the home long enough to recoup the cost of refinancing,” says Vella.

A 2004 survey by Remodeling Magazine compares construction costs to likely return on investment (ROI) at resale. RM sent surveys to 20,000 appraisers, sales agents, and brokers. Those industry insiders generating 356 responses (a 1.78% response rate).

The RM survey shows minor kitchen remodels do the best, returning 92.9 percent of your investment, followed closely by new siding at 92.8 percent. The survey also lists bathrooms, attic bedrooms, deck additions and family or sun room add-ons as lucrative investments. Most of those remodels returned 80% to 90% for the home owners.

A home remodel is one of the best ways to improve the value of your home. Financially speaking, a home-equity loan could allow you to lower your mortgage payment, lower your interest rate, and when the remodel is said and done add thousands of pounds to your net worth.

Dont forget to check with your local utility company if you want to improve the energy efficiency of your home. Most offer an energy efficient mortgage program.

If purchasing a fixer-upper is what you looking to do. HUD has a 203(k) program designed to finance both the purchase of the home and the remodel costs in one easy mortgage. Most mortgage lenders offer access to the HUD 203(k) program.

Helpful Information On Reverse Mortgages

Date: 2010.05.16 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

A popular method of borrowing against your home is the reverse mortgage. The reverse mortgage is becoming increasingly popular among senior citizens who wish to pay off their debts and increase their retirement income. It is expected that as the Baby Boom generation moves towards retirement, use of the reverse mortgage will become more and more frequent.

Reverse mortgages differ from a traditional mortgage in that there are no monthly payments.

The funds can be paid out as a monthly income, taken as a lump sum or withdrawn as needed. Interest is charged each month and deducted from the home equity balance.

The most common reverse mortgage is the federally insured Home Equity Conversion Mortgage. This mortgage guarantees a retiree can remain in his or her home until he or she passes away or moves out. Any remaining equity in the home is the retiree’s or his or her heirs. The lender gets none.

One advantage of reverse mortgages is that your ability to obtain one is not tied to your income. In fact, you can get one without any income at all!

You must, however, repay the loan upon your death or when the home is sold.

Reverse mortgages are not without their drawbacks, and they are not for everyone. While interest rates are comparable to conventional mortgages, there are high startup fees. Part of this is to insure the loan, which tends to be riskier than conventional mortgages, as the borrowers must be at least 62 years of age.

In addition, as the reverse mortgage draws upon the equity of the home, you could find yourself with no equity remaining if the value of your home should drop over time.

Reverse mortgages may become more popular in Texas and reverse mortgages will soon allow line of credit paymentsThose seeking a reverse mortgage or home equity loan in Texas were long disappointed, as Texas was one of the last states to allow such lending. Mortgage laws dating to the nineteenth century prohibited such lending, as the states founders feared that lenders would take advantage of people and intentionally seize their homes through foreclosure. This made it virtually impossible for Texans to use their home equity for purposes of debt consolidation, home improvement, or other legitimate uses, as citizens of other states may do.In 1997, the Texas legislature finally amended the state constitution to allow home equity loans, but did so in an awkward, poorly worded way that left many questions unanswered. The new laws did allow for traditional term loans and lines of credit for home equity loans, and also allowed for lump sum payouts for reverse mortgages. The law did not allow for a line of credit for reverse mortgages, however, and that has created a problem.A reverse mortgage allows homeowners who are at least 62 years of age to borrow against the equity of their home by agreeing to pay back the money when the homeowner dies, sells the home, or moves. Reverse mortgages have been quite popular in recent years, particularly in areas such as California, where high real estate prices have left many homeowners short of cash but equity rich. These people have been able to fund their retirements using the equity in their homes, purchasing vacation homes, recreational vehicles, or taking long-desired vacations. Nationally, nearly 90% of those who take out a reverse mortgage do so by utilizing a line of credit. This allows them to use the money when and how they see fit, and no interest accrues unless the money is actually used. Its a very convenient product, and it costs the homeowner much less in interest than a lump sum payment. Unfortunately for citizens of Texas, a lump sum payment is the only option, and as a result, very few reverse mortgages have been offered to date.This may soon change, however. The Texas Legislature has recently approved an amendment to the state constitution that will allow homeowners who take out a reverse mortgage to accept payment in the form of a line of credit. Texas law requires that this change be placed on the ballot for a referendum, and it is expected to be voted upon this fall. Those who work in the lending industry expect the vote to pass, and say that it will lead to a tremendous increase in the number of reverse mortgages offered in the state. With more than twenty million people, Texas ranks second only to California in population, and there are many people in Texas who would qualify for a reverse mortgage.By eliminating laws that have been on the books for more than one hundred and fifty years, Texas may soon join the rest of the states in having fair and equitable home lending laws.This might be of interest to those concerned about California adjustable pay mortgagemastersonline.com and that is why we have included this information.

Guide To Refinancing Your Mortgage

Date: 2010.05.09 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

Refinancing your mortgage can mean great savings for you and your family. Replacing your existing mortgage with a lower interest loan, changing the term of your loan, or even consolidating all your debts into this new loan could save you money, both monthly and over the life of the loan.

The rule of thumb is when interest rates are 1.5 to 2% lower than you are currently paying on your mortgage, it’s time to consider refinancing.

Would Refinancing Be Worth It?

Refinancing can be worthwhile, but it does not make financial sense for everyone. There are a number of items to consider, such as how long you plan to stay in the house. Most sources say that it takes at least 3 years to fully realize the savings from a lower interest rate, given the costs of the refinancing.

Refinancing can be a good idea for homeowners who:

* Have an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) and want a fixed-rate loan to have the certainty of knowing exactly what the mortgage payment will be for the life of the loan.
* Want to build up equity more quickly by converting to a loan with a shorter term.
* Want to draw on the equity built up in their house to get cash for a major purchase or for their children’s education.

What Are the Costs of Refinancing?

Costs can vary significantly from area to area and from lender to lender, so the following are estimates only. Your actual closing costs may be higher or lower than the ranges indicated below.

Application Fee 75 – 300. This charge imposed by your lender covers the initial costs of processing your loan request and checking your credit report.

Appraisal Fee 150 – 400. This fee pays for an appraisal, which is a defensible estimate of the value of the property.

Survey Costs 125 – 300.

Homeowner’s Hazard Insurance 300 – 600.

Lender’s Attorney’s Review Fees 75 – 200. The lender will usually charge you for fees paid to the lawyer or company that conducts the closing for the lender.

Title Search and Title Insurance 450 – 600. This charge will cover the cost of examining the public record to confirm ownership of the real estate, and the cost of an insurance policy.

Home Inspection Fees 175 – 350.

Loan Origination Fees 1% of loan. The origination fee is charged for the lender’s work in evaluating and preparing your mortgage loan.

Mortgage Insurance 0.5% – 1.0%. Depending on the type of loan you have and other factors, another major expense you might face is the fee for private mortgage insurance.

Points 1% – 3%. Points are prepaid finance charges imposed by the lender at closing to increase the lender’s yield beyond the stated interest rate on the mortgage note. One point equals 1% of the loan amount.

Prepayment Penalty. A prepayment penalty on your present mortgage could be the greatest deterrent to refinancing. The mortgage documents for your existing loan will state if there is such a penalty. In some loans, you may be charged interest for the full month in which you prepay your loan. In the future, always make sure there is NO prepayment penalty.

In Conclusion

A homeowner should plan on paying an average of 3 – 6 % of the outstanding principal in refinancing costs, plus any prepayment penalties and the costs of paying off any second mortgages that may exist.

Whether or not that is a wise decision is purely a numbers matter.

Good Mortgage Broker vs. Bad Mortgage Broker

Date: 2010.05.02 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

According to the NAMB (National Association of Mortgage Brokers), two out of three Americans work with a mortgage broker to purchase a home because of the brokers expertise and wide selection of loan products and lenders. However, with so many so called experts out there, how does one separate the wheat from the chaff? How do you know if a broker is honest? And how do you know they’re an expert or not?

The NAMB says that over 70 percent of brokers are legitimate, that is they have safeguards and policies in place to make sure that they stay on the straight and narrow. So what about the other 30 percent? Well, the whole 30 percent isnt bad, but just as in any classroom, youre going to have those at the top, some in the middle, a few at the bottom, and others who simply dont show for class. Obviously, those at the bottom and the no shows would not be your first choice if you were going into surgery and they were holding the scapel, nor should they be handling your loan when you purchase a home or refinance.

Because of the surge in numbers of mortgage brokers in the past few years, there are plenty of incompetent and dishonest brokers out there. In order to avoid the 30 percentile, I offer the following tips to help you find a mortgage broker that is not only an expert but honest and reputable as well:

1.Dont believe everything you hear. Asking friends or family to recommend a mortgage professional is usually the first place people start. However, how do they know the broker is reputable and trustworthy? Check with your state regulatory offices and licensing bureau once you have some referrals. Better to be safe than sorry.

2.Use an NAMB certified mortgage broker. Brokers certified by the NAMB practice the highest ethical and professional standards in the industry. There is a Find a Broker link on the NAMBs website at www.namb.org.

3.Use an Upfront Mortgage Broker (UMB). These brokers disclose their fees to customers in writing in advance at the customers request. They also disclose the wholesale prices they receive from lenders. For a list of UMBs visit www.mtgprofessor.com.

4.Honesty is the best policy. If a mortgage broker suggests that you lie on your loan application in any way, heshe is most likely in the 30 percentile. Walk away.

5.They need to show you the money. If a mortgage broker doesnt disclose your closing costs in three business days, its probably best to take your business elsewhere.

6.If youre not bleeding, they shouldnt be applying pressure. A mortgage broker who pressures you into anything you are not comfortable with probably failed ethics. No reputable broker will pressure you into anything you dont feel comfortable with.

7.There are no stupid questions. Does the mortgage broker answer all your questions to your satisfaction? Are hisher answers straightforward, honest, and respectful?

8.Do you have a reservation? If you feel comfortable with whom youre working with and feel like they have answered all your questions and put all your reservations to ease, youve probably found a good mortgage broker.

Glossary of common terms used during the mortgage process.

Date: 2010.04.25 | Category: Mortgage | Response: 0

APR – This stands for Annual Percentage Rate. It enables you to compare the full cost of the mortgage. Rather than just being an interest rate, it includes up front and ongoing costs of taking out a mortgage. The formula for calculating APR is set by Government Regulations and therefore enables direct comparison of the cost of mortgages.

Capital and Interest Mortgage – This is when part of your monthly payment contributes to paying off the outstanding mortgage in addition to paying the interest on the mortgage. The payments are structured so that at the end of the term, your mortgage will have been completely paid off. For this reason this type of mortgage is also called a Repayment Mortgage.

Capped Rate – This is a mortgage where the lender agrees that the interest charged will never exceed a specific percentage. This deal lasts for a set period of years. After the set period, the rate usually reverts to the lenders standard variable rate. During the capped period, the interest charges can move up and down with the lenders interest rate – but cannot exceed the capped rate.

Cashback – An amount, either fixed or a percentage of a mortgage, which you can opt to receive when you complete your mortgage. The lender may well claw back this money through a higher interest rate.

CAT marksstandards – CAT stands for Fair Charges, Easy Access and decent Terms. They were created by the Government in an attempt to provide consumers with simple, clear financial products with straightforward, easy to understand terms. A CAT mortgage will have no arrangement fees, no redemption fees and will have interest calculated daily. It will also have a minimum loan of just 5000, offer you repayment flexibility and the mortgage should be portable should you move home. Finally, you will not have to buy the lender’s insurance products and there will be no penalties should you find yourself in arrears but can subsequently catch up.

Completion – This is end of the house buying process, when the funds are transferred and the keys are handed over. Happy moving!

Contract – A contract is a binding agreement between the buyer and seller. In the context of house buying, after the contract is signed by both the buyer and the seller it is then ‘exchanged’ between the respective solicitors for a set completion date. At that point, the contract is legally binding on both parties.

Conveyancing – This is the legal process in which property is bought and sold. You can do it yourself or hire a solicitor or specialised conveyancer to perform the tasks for you. The buying of a freehold is much less complicated than the buying of a leasehold.

Discounted Rate – This is where the lender makes a guaranteed reduction off the standard variable rate for an agreed period of time. After the discounted period ends, the mortgage usually moves to the lenders’ standard variable rate. Watch out for redemption penalties that overhang the initial discount period.

Early Redemption Charges – Redemption is when the borrower pays off the capital and the interest on the mortgage and thus owns the property outright. Early redemption fees are the charges incurred for paying off the mortgage early, either to buy the house outright, move or re-mortgage. Always ask about early redemption charges before you agree a mortgage.

Endowment – Endowments are life assurance policies with an investment element designed to pay off the outstanding capital on an interest-only mortgage. There are a few types of endowments, such as ‘with profits’, ‘unitised with profits’ and ‘unit-linked’. In the 1980s, these were sold by salesman who seemly suggested that these policies were “guaranteed” to pay off the mortgage at the end of the term. However, the investment returns on these policies have fallen to below what was previously considered to be the norm. Consequently, many policies are not worth what was originally forecast and may not fully repay the money borrowed at the end of the mortgages’ term.

Equity – In housing terminology, equity is the difference between the value of the property and the money owed on the property. So if the property is valued at 200,000 and you owe 150,000 on the mortgage, you have equity of 50,000. If you sold at that moment, you would receive 50,000. Should the value of the home be less than the mortgage outstanding then you have negative equity.

Freehold – Owning the freehold means that you own the total rights to the property and the land on which it is built.

HLC – This is the Higher Lending Charge (it was previously known as a Mortgage Indemnity Guarantee). It is levied by around three quarters of all lenders on clients who cannot afford to put down a deposit of 10% of the price of the property. In practice it is a type of insurance aimed at protecting the lender should you default on your mortgage when the value of your home is less than the capital you borrowed. The insurance only provides cover for the lender, not you, and typically costs 1,500.

Homebuyers Report – A property survey aimed at providing more information than a mortgage valuation but less information than a full structural survey. It will help the borrower to decide whether to purchase and help the lender to decide how much to lend.

Interest Only Mortgage – This is a mortgage where your monthly repayments only pay the interest on the mortgage. Therefore, at the end of the mortgage you still have to repay the full sum you borrowed. You are advised to have a separate investment vehicle into which you make payments aimed at building up a fund capable of paying off the mortgage capital at the end of the term. Typical investments include ISA’s, a pension or an endowment policy.

IFAs – Stands for Independent Financial Advisor. These advisors are regulated by the Financial Services Authority. To be classified as “independent” they have to be able to offer you the full range of products from all financial product providers. They are not entitled to describe themselves as “independent” if they can only offer products from a restricted panel of financial companies. A Financial Advisor can be one man band or work for very large companies. Before they make any recommendation, an IFA must carry out a detailed fact find so they fully understand your financial circumstances. They can then make their recommendations to suit your personal circumstances.

ISA – An ISA is an Individual Savings Account, which is a tax-free method of owning shares, building up a cash savings account or a life assurance policy. You can use an ISA to build up a capital sum to repay an interest only mortgage.

Leasehold – If your property is leasehold, ownership of the property reverts to the Freeholder at a set date. Many houses were originally sold on 999 year leases which means that 999 years after the initial date of the Leasehold, ownership of the property reverts to the Freeholder. Building in multiple occupation such as apartments, are always sold on a leasehold and usually have a much shorter leasehold period – 100 and 125 years is quite common. Often, with a block of apartments, the apartment owners individually own the leaseholds whilst a management company, in which they hold shares, owns the freehold. These days, however, leaseholders who live in the property have the legal right to buy their freehold under terms laid down by UK law.

Life Insurance – This can also be called Term Insurance or, when specifically linked to proprty purchase, as Mortgage Protection Insurance. It is designed to pay a tax free lump sum in the event of your death to enable your mortgage to be repaid in full. There are a number of variants such as Level Term Life Insurance and Decreasing Term Life Insurance. At the outset you take out insurance for the full sum you have borrowed from your mortgage lender and for the same number of years as you have agreed on your mortgage. These insurance policies do not have any investment or surrender value. The premiums are based on a number of factors – the main ones being the amount of cover you need, your age, health and how many years you want to be insured for.

Lock-In Period – This is the minimum period you have agreed to stay with the lender. Depending on the deal, it could be as low as six months up to the whole of the term. Should you wish to repay the mortgage or remortgage during the lock-in period, you will invariably have to pay redemption penalties. Always make sure you know how long you are locked in for with your mortgage.

LTV – Literally means Loan to Value. This is a measurement of the mortgage amount against the value of the property or the price that you are actually paying. A 157,500 mortgage on a property for which you paid 175,000 would be a LTV of 90%. Lenders tend to charge a Mortgage Indemnity Premium on mortgages with a loan to value of anything about 75%. Some don’t so ask about this.

MIG – This has now changed its name to HLC. See above.

Mortgage – A mortgage is a long-term loan taken out in order to buy a property with repayment secured on that property. So if you don’t keep to the repayment terms, the lender can repossess the property, sell it and retain the money they are owed. Any balance is then paid to you. If the property is sold for less than you owe your lender, you still remain liable to repay the shortfall.

Mortgage Advisor – On October 31st 2004 the selling of mortgages in the UK came under the remit of the City watchdog, The Financial Services Authority (FSA). As from that date any person providing mortgage advice had to be registered with the FSA and abide by its rules of conduct, methods of operating and training programmes etc. The objective has been to improve life for the consumer by offering better protection, clear information and access to redress for poor advice.

Negative Equity – Negative equity is when the value of your home is less than the amount that you owe on your mortgage plus any other loans secured against it. It can happen very easily if you take out a 100% mortgage or if property prices fall. (Also see Higher Lending Charge)

Portable – This is a measure of how easy it is to move a mortgage from one property to another should a property move be required. This is vital if you are moving during your lock-in-period and wish to avoid redemption penalties.

Repayment Mortgage – This is the same as a Capital and Interest mortgage – see above.

Searches – During the conveyancing process, the buyer has to be sure that the seller has title to the property and identify any matters may affect the prospective owners ownership of the property. For example, whether the property is affected by any proposed road building, whether there are preservation orders affecting the property, is it a listed building and has it been built in accordance with planning conditions and building regulations. Searches will also show whether there are mines under or close by the property. This information is obtained by the person undertaking the conveyancing from HM Land Registry and the relevant Local Authority. These investigations are collectively known as “Searches”.

Self-Certification – Should you have difficulty in providing documentation that “proves” your income to a prospective mortgage lender, you may need a self-certification mortgage. In essence you personally certify what your full income is. If you receive high bonuses, or work seasonally or on commission, or are self-employed this may be your best option. You declare your income plus some evidence that your declaration is reasonable. Ideally lenders want to see as much guaranteed income as possible. To compensate the lender for the increased risk they are taking on a self-certified mortgage, they will charge you a higher rate interest, typically 1% over their standard variable rate.

Stamp Duty Land Tax (commonly known simply as Stamp Duty) – You pay Stamp Duty Land Tax on property like houses, flats, other buildings and land. If the purchase price is 120,000 or less, you don’t pay any Stamp Duty Land Tax. If the price is more than 120,000, you pay between one and four per cent of the whole purchase price, on a sliding scale.

Upto 120,000 – No duty payable

120,001 to 250,000 – 1% duty payable*
250,001 to 500,000 – 3% duty payable
500,001 and over – 4% duty payable

*If you’re buying a property an area designated by the government as ‘disadvantaged’, you don’t pay any Stamp Duty Land Tax if the purchase price is 150,000 or less.

Did you know? Stamp Duty was originally introduced by William of Orange when he was King of England.

Structural Survey – The most thorough report you can get on the condition of the property you are considering to buy. The surveyor will look in detail at the inside and outside of the property and will tell you if the property is structurally sound. All major and minor defects in the building will also be listed and should tell you what maintenance work may be needed either now or in the future. You should make sure the scope of the survey is agreed in writing before you commission it. Should the survey identify problems, use them to negotiate a reduction in the price before you exchange contracts.

Variable Rate – This is when the interest rate you pay on your mortgage can go up or down depending on changes to the lender’s standard variable rate. If you have a variable rate mortgage your monthly mortgage payments will change whenever the lender changes the interest rate.

Valuation – This is where a valuer appointed by your proposed lender, visits the property in order to estimate its current value. This value is then used by the lender as a basis for its security and to calculate its Loan to Value Ratio. The borrower never sees the valuation. With some mortgage deals the lender absorbs the cost of the valuation but in many cases the borrower has to pay upfront.